Rights of Peasant Ownership
All-Russian Central Executive Committee, From the Land Code. October 30, 1922
Original Source: ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ от 30 октября 1922 года, «О введении в действие земельного кодекса, принятого на 4 сессии IX созыва»
Article 66: All those persons shall be regarded as members of a Dvor who form part thereof (including minors and persons of advanced age), as well as those who form part thereof temporarily, such as salaried laborers, and who have not left the Dvor in the manner established by law. The complement of a Dvor increases by marriage or by the adoption of new members into the Dvor, and decreases by the departure or death of members.
Note.-Persons joining a Dvor by marriage or adoption acquire a right to use the land and the communal equipment which constitute the Dvor in question, in accordance with the law; at the same time they lose their rights to use those of any other Dvor.
Article 67: The right to use the land, which includes the proceeds of tillage as well as buildings and livestock, belongs to the community formed by all members of the Dvor irrespective of their sex and age.
Article 68: The head of the household (man or woman) shall be regarded as the representative of the Dvor for all its economic affairs.
Article 69: In the event of the economy of the Dvor being conducted with a negligence leading to its ruin, the head of the household may-by decision of the executive committee of the Volost, on the demand of the members of the Dvor and with the consent of the village Soviet-be replaced by another person chosen from the same Dvor.
Article 74: The sharing-out of the basic assets of a Dvor is authorized only for the purpose-and subject to the possibility of forming, with those members of the Dvor who would be leaving it, new agricultural communities on plots allocated to them jointly. In all other cases, the movable goods only of the Dvor may be shared out.
Article 88: Upon leaving a Dvor which has been declared indivisible, the departing member shall have the right to demand the payment in money or kind of that share in the assets (but not in the soil) to which he is entitled.
Failing agreement, the scale of payment is fixed by the Agrarian Commissions, but may not exceed one-third of the value of the total production assets of the Dvor. In addition, at the request of the remaining members of the Dvor, payment in money or kind may be spread out over a maximum period of five years, no interest whatever being chargeable for this distribution.
Source: Rudolf Schlesinger, ed., Changing attitudes in Soviet Russia; the Family in the USSR (London: Routledge & K. Paul, 1949), pp. 41-42.